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Which states have rejected Shoot First laws?

21 states have rejected this policy

AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY

No Shoot First Law

Alabama has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Alaska has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Arizona has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Arkansas has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

California has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Colorado has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Connecticut has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Delaware has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Florida has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Georgia has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Hawaii has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Idaho has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Illinois has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Indiana has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Iowa has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Kansas has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Kentucky has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Louisiana has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Maine has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Maryland has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Massachusetts has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Michigan has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Minnesota has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Mississippi has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Missouri has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Montana has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Nebraska has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Nevada has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

New Hampshire has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

New Jersey has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

New Mexico has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

New York has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

North Carolina has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

North Dakota has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Ohio has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Oklahoma has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Oregon has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Pennsylvania has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Rhode Island has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

South Carolina has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

South Dakota has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Tennessee has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Texas has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Utah has not rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Vermont has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Virginia has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Washington has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

West Virginia has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Wisconsin has rejected this policy

No Shoot First Law

Wyoming has not rejected this policy

What It Does

The Impact

These laws dramatically escalate violence, leading to 150 additional gun deaths each month nationwide—with an increase of 32% in Florida’s gun homicide rate alone. And they drastically reduce consequences, with homicides in which white shooters kill Black victims deemed justifiable five times more frequently than when the situation is reversed.

No Shoot First Law

Policy rejected?
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Show Citations and Footnotes 
Source: Ala. Code § 13A-3-23; Alaska Stat. § 11.81.335(b); Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-405; Ark. Code Ann. §§ 5-2-606, 5-2-607; Fla. Stat. §§ 776.012, 776.031; Ga. Code Ann. §§ 16-3-21(a), 16-3-23.1; Idaho Code § 19-202A(3); Ind. Code § 35-41-3-2; Iowa Code § 704.1; Kan. Stat. Ann. § 21-5222; Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 503.055(3); La. Stat. Ann. § 14:20; Mich. Comp. Laws § 780.972; Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-15; Mo. Rev. Stat. § 563.031; Mont. Code Ann. § 5-3-102; Nev. Rev. Stat. §§ 200.120, 200.200; N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 627:4; N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-51.3; N.D. Cent. Code, § 12.1-05-07; Oh Rev Stat. § 2901.09; Okla. Stat. tit. 21, § 1289.25(D); 18 Pa.C.S. § 505; S.C. Code Ann. § 16-11-440(C); S.D. Codified Laws §§ 22-18-4, 22-18-4.1; Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-11-611; Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 9.32; Utah Code Ann. § 76-2-402; Wyo. Stat. § 6-2-602.

150: Levy M, Alvarez W, Vagelakos L, Yore & Khallouq BB. (202, January). Stand your ground: Policy and trends in firearm-related justifiable homicide and homicide in the US. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 230(1): 161-67.e4. Retrieved January 19, 2022, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31730807/.

FL: Humphreys DK, Gasparrini A, & Wiebe DJ. (2017). Evaluating the impact of Florida’s “Stand Your Ground” self-defense law on homicide and suicide by firearm: An interrupted time series study. JAMA Internal Medicine, 177(1): 44-50. Retrieved January 19, 2022, from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2582988.

justifiable: Everytown analysis of FBI Supplementary Homicide Report, 2014 to 2018.

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